The "Set B" verb 'studying'
Root verb -aksesd-
Note: This verb is related to "watch, be careful" DF CED p.171
Present Tense
Note:
Some verbs, such as "tired," "work," "teach," "be named", and a few
others always add the distributive prefix /de-/ at the beginning and
will undergo usual sound changes with some letters.
ᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dagw-aksesd-i - I am studying.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dets-aksesd-i - you are studying.
ᏚᎦᏎᏍᏗ - du-ksesd-i - he/she/it is studying.
ᏕᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏗ - degin-aksesd-i - the two of us (including you) are studying.
ᏕᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏗ - desd-aksesd-i - you two are studying.
ᏙᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dogin-aksesd-i - the two of us (not including you) are studying.
ᏕᎦᎦᏎᏍᏗ - deg-aksesd-i - we (including you) are all studying.
ᏙᎦᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dog-aksesd-i - we (not including you) are all studying.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dets-aksesd-i - you are all studying.
ᏚᎾᎦᏎᏍᏗ - dun-aksesd-i - they are studying.
1. ᎠᎩᏙᏓ ᏙᏰᎯ ᏫᏚᎦᏎᏍᏗ. - Agidoda doyehi widuksesdi. -
My father is studying outside.
2. ᏙᏃ ᎨᏍᏗ ᏱᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏗ? - Dohno gesdi yidetsaksesdi? -
Why aren't you studying?
3. ᎦᏨ ᏂᎯ ᏕᏍᏗᎦᏎᏍᏗ? - Gatsv nihi desdiksesdi? -
Where are you two studying?
4. ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᏫᏚᎦᏎᏍᏗ. - Gaduhvɂi widuksesdi. -
She/He is studying in town.
5. ᎲᎦ ᎢᏯᏂ ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏗ? - Hvga iyani detsaksesdi? -
How many of you are studying?
ᎠᎩᏙᏓ - agidoda - my father
ᏙᏰᎯ - doyehi - outside
ᏂᎯ - nihi - you (one, two, or many)
ᎦᏚᎲᎢ - gaduhvɂi - a town
ᎲᎦ ᎢᏯᏂ - hvga iyani - how many (live things)
Habitual Present
ᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dagw-aksesd-oɂi - I study.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dets-aksesd-oɂi - you study.
ᏚᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - du-ksesd-oɂi - he/she/it studies.
ᏕᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - degin-aksesd-oɂi - the two of us (you + I) study.
ᏕᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - desd-aksesd-oɂi - you two study.
ᏙᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dogin-aksesd-oɂi - the two of us (not including you) study.
ᏕᎦᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - deg-aksesd-oɂi - we (including you) all study.
ᏙᎦᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dog-aksesd-oɂi - we (not including you) all study.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dets-aksesd-oɂi - you all study.
ᏚᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - dun-aksesd-oɂi - they study.
1. ᎠᎩᏙᏓ ᏧᎩᏨᏅᏓ ᏙᏰᎯ ᏫᏚᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - Agidoda tsugitsvnvda doyehi
widuksesdoɂi. -
My father studies outside everyday.
2. ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᏗᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗᎢ ᏫᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ - Gaduhvɂi digohweli
disgwangodohdi'i widagwaksesdihoɂi. -
I study at a library in town.
3. ᎦᏨ ᏂᎯ ᏕᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ? - Gatsv nihi desdaksesdoɂi? -
Where do you two study?
4. ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᎨᏍᏗ ᏱᏫᏚᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ. - Gaduhvɂi gesdi yiwiduksesdoɂi. -
S/he doesn't study in town.
5. ᎲᎦ ᎢᏯᏂ ᏂᎯ ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ? - Hvga iyani nihi detsaksesdoɂi? -
How many of you study?
3. ᎾᎿ ᎠᎨᏯ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᏍᏔᏯ ᏚᎦᏎᏍᏙᎢ ᎦᎾᎦᏘ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ.
Nahna ageya nigohilv staya duksesdoɂi ganagti
iyulstdohdi.
That woman is always studying hard to become a doctor.
ᏧᎩᏨᏅᏓ - tsugitsvnvda - everyday
ᏗᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗᎢ - digohweli disgwangodohdi'i - library
ᎦᎾᎦᏘ - ganakti - doctor
Progressive Future
This tense is built on the Habitual Stem with the -esdi suffix.
ᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dagw-aksesd-esdi - I will be studying.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dets-aksesd-esdi - you will be studying.
ᏚᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - du-ksesd-esdi - he/she/it will be studying.
ᏕᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - degin-aksesd-esdi - the two of us (you + I) will be studying.
ᏕᏍᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - desd-aksesd-esdi - you two will be studying.
ᏙᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dogin-aksesd-esdi - the two of us (not including you) will be studying.
ᏕᎦᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - deg-aksesd-esdi - we (including you) all will be studying.
ᏙᎦᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dog-aksesd-esdi - we (not including you) all will be studying.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dets-aksesd-esdi - you all will be studying.
ᏚᎾᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - dun-aksesd-esdi - they will be studying.
Remote Past
ᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dagw-aksest-anvɂi - I studied.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dets-aksest-anvɂi - you studied.
ᏚᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - du-ksest-anvɂi - he/she/it studied.
ᏕᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - degin-aksest-anvɂi - the two of us (you + I) studied.
ᏕᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - desd-aksest-anvɂi - you two studied.
ᏙᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dogin-aksest-anvɂi - the two of us (not including you) studied.
ᏕᎦᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - deg-aksest-anvɂi - we (including you) all studied.
ᏙᎦᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dog-aksest-anvɂi - we (not including you) all studied.
ᏕᏣᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dets-aksest-anvɂi - you all studied.
ᏚᎾᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅᎢ - dun-aksest-anvɂi - they studied.
Imperative
Note: For Complexed verbs requiring the
distributive prefix /de-/, all occurrences of /de-/ change to /di-/
in the Imperative/Immediate and the Infinitive.
Additionally, in the Infinitive form of these verbs, there
is a change in the 3rd person singular and plural from /d-/ to /ts-/
before the vowels /o/ and /u/.
In addition, the /de-/ distributive prefix changes to /di-/ after
the /yi-/ "irrealis" (or negative) prefix.
ᏔᎦᏎᏍᏓ! / ᏣᎦᏎᏍᏕᏍᏗ - ta-ksesd-a - (you) Study! (or tsa-ksesdesd-i!)
ᏗᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏓ! - disd-akesd-a - You two, study!
ᏗᏣᎦᏎᏍᏓ - dits-aksed-a - Y'all study!
ᏗᎦᎦᏎᏍᏓ - dig-aksesd-a - Let's study! !
Infinitive
ᏓᏆᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - dagw-aksesd-ohdi - for me to study.
ᏗᏣᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - dits-aksesd-ohdi - for you to study.
ᏧᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - tsu-ksesd-ohdi - for him/her/it to study.
ᏗᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - digin-aksesd-ohdi - for the two of us (you and I) to study.
ᏗᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - disd-aksesd-ohdi - for you two to study.
ᏦᎩᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - tsogin-aksesd-ohdi - for the two of us (not including you) to study.
ᏗᎦᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - dig-aksesd-ohdi - for us (including you) all to study.
ᏦᎦᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - tsog-aksesd-ohdi - for us (not including you) all to study.
ᏗᏣᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - dits-aksesd-ohdi - for you all to study.
ᏧᎾᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ - tsun-aksesd-ohdi - for them to study.
1. ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᏣᏂ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏙᏰᎯ ᏧᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏚᎵᎭ.
- Kohi iga Tsani Tsalagi gawonihisdi doyehi
tsuksesdodi uduliha. -
Johnny wants to study Cherokee outside today.
2. ᎦᏨ ᏂᎯ ᏗᏍᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏍᏓᎸᏉᏗ? - Gatsv nihi disdaksesdohdi
sdalvkwdi? -
Where do you two like to study?
ᏧᎩᏨᏅᏓ - tsugitsvnvda - everyday