Cherokee h-Stem Verbs

The "Set A" Verb 'close' with
Animate Object Pronouns for the meaning of
'jail him/her, close him/her up'

Root verb -hsdúhvh-

Note: This is an h-stem verb. For an explanation of changes with h-stem verbsclick here.All of the Animate Object Pronouns trigger h-alternation.

This is the same verb stem as"close it"but with Animate Object Pronouns.
When Animate Object Pronouns are used with this verb, i.e. "to close him or her up", the meaning of the verb becomes to "jail someone, to lock someone up".
See the page onAnimate Object Pronounsfor a discussion, full list of the pronouns, and examples of how to use them.

---

Present Tense

---

ᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - tsi:-ɂsdúhvh-sga - I am jailing him.

ᎯᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - hi:-ɂsdúhvh-sga - you are jailing him.

ᎠᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - a-hsdúhvh-sga - he/she/it is jailing him.

ᎡᏂᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - eni:-ɂsdúhvh-sga - the two of us (including you) are jailing him.

ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - esdi:-ɂsdúhvh-sga - you two are jailing him.

ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - osdi:-ɂsdúhvh-sga - the two of us (not including you) are jailing him.

ᎡᏗᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - edi-ɂsdúhvh-sga - we all (including you) are jailing him.

ᎣᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - otsi-ɂsdúhvh-sga - we all (not including you) are jailing him.

ᎡᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - etsi-ɂsdúhvh-sga - you all are jailing him.

ᎠᏂᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ - ani-hsdúhvh-sga - they are jailing him.

---

Habitual tense

---

ᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - tsi:-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - I jail him/her.

ᎯᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - hi:-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - you jail him/her.

ᎠᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - a-hsdúhvh-sgoɂi - he/she/it jails it it.

ᎡᏂᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - eni-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - the two of us (including you) jail him/her.

ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - esdi-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - you two jail him/her.

ᎣᏍᏗᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - osdi-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - the two of us (not including you ) jail him/her.

ᎡᏗᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - edi-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - we all (including you) jail him/her.

ᎣᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - otsi-hsdúhvh-sgoɂi - we all (not including you) jail him/her.

ᎡᏥᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - etsi-ɂsdúhvh-sgoɂi - you all jail him/her.

ᎠᏂᏍᏚᎲᏍᎪᎢ - ani-hsdúhvh-sgoɂi - they jail him/her.

---

Remote Past Tense

---

*Note: Remote Past and Infinitive require Set B Pronouns*

ᏥᏍᏚᏅᎢ - tsi:-sdúh-nvɂi - I jailed him/her

ᎯᏍᏚᏅᎢ - hi:-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - you jailed him/her

ᎤᏍᏚᏅᎢ - u-hsdúh-nvɂi - he jailed him/her

ᎡᏂᏍᏚᏅᎢ - eni-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - we (you and I) jailed him/her

ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏚᏅᎢ - esdi-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - you two jailed him/her

ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏚᏅᎢ - ohsdi-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - we (he/she and I) jailed him/her

ᎡᏗᏍᏚᏅᎢ - edi-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - we (all of us) jailed him/her

ᎣᏥᏍᏚᏅᎢ - otsi-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - we (excluding you) jailed him/her

ᎡᏥᏍᏚᏅᎢ - etsi-ɂsdúh-nvɂi - you all jailed him/her

ᎤᏂᏍᏚᏅᎢ - uni-hsdúh-nvɂi - they jailed him/her

---

Imperative/Immediate

---

ᎯᏍᏚᎲᎦ! - hi:ɂsdúhvga! - [you] jail him/her!
ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏚᎲᎦ! - esdiɂsdúhvga! - [you two] jail him/her!
ᎡᏥᏍᏚᎲᎦ! - etsiɂsdúhvga! - [all of you] jail him/her!
ᎡᏗᏍᏚᎲᎦ! - ediɂsdúhvga - Let's jail him/her.Let's lock him up!!

Note: The Cherokee Imperative can appear with any of the bound pronouns.

---

Infinitive

---

*Note: Remote Past and Infinitive require Set B Pronouns*

ᏥᏍᏚᏗ - tsi:-ɂsdúh-di - for me to jail him/her

ᎯᏍᏚᏗ - hi:-ɂsdúh-di - for you to jail him/her

ᎤᏍᏚᏗ - u-hsdúh-di - for him/her to jail him/her

ᎡᏂᏍᏚᏗ - eni-ɂsdúh-di - for us (you and me) to jail him/her

ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏚᏗ - esdi-ɂsdúh-di - for you two to jail him/her

ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏚᏗ - osdi-ɂsdúh-di - for her/him and me to jail him/her

ᎡᏗᏍᏚᏗ - edi-ɂsdúh-di - for us (all of us) to jail him/her

ᎣᏥᏍᏚᏗ - otsi-ɂsdúh-di - for us (excluding you) to jail him/her

ᎡᏥᏍᏚᏗ - etsi-ɂsdúh-di - for you all to jail him/her

ᎤᏂᏍᏚᏗ - uni-hsdúh-di - for them to jail him/her